Publications

Refereed journals

In press

  1. Douglas P. Wiens; 2012; Designs for Weighted Least Squares Regression, With Estimated Weights, with Matlab code; Statistics and Computing, in press.   

2012

  1. Douglas P. Wiens, Pengfei Li; 2012; A Robust Treatment of a Dose-Response Study; Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry, 28, 164-173.   

2011

  1. Pengfei Li, Douglas P. Wiens; 2011; Robustness of Design in Dose-Response Studies with Matlab code; Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series B), 17, 215-238.   

2010

  1. Douglas P. Wiens; 2010; Robustness of Design for the Testing of Lack of Fit and for Estimation in Binary Response Models, with Matlab code; Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 54, 3371-3378.  Special Issue on "Model Selection and Robust Procedures".
  2. Douglas P. Wiens, Eden K.H. Wu; 2010; A Comparative Study of Robust Designs for M-Estimated Regression Models with Matlab code; Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 54, 1683-1695.

2009

  1. S. Huang, D. P. Wiens, Y. Yang, S. X. Meng, C. L. Vanderschaaf; 2009; Assessing the Impacts of Species Composition, Site Quality and Density on Individual Tree Height Prediction of Aspen in Boreal Mixedwoods; Forest Ecology and Management, 258, 1235-1247.
  2. Douglas P. Wiens; 2009; Robust Discrimination Designs, with Matlab code; Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series B), 71, 805 - 829.
  3. Holger Dette, Douglas P. Wiens; 2009; Robust Designs for 3D Shape Analysis with Spherical Harmonic Descriptors (incl. supplement); Statistica Sinica, 19, 83-102 + supplement. 
  4. Adeniyi Adewale, Douglas P. Wiens; 2009; Robust Designs for Misspecified Logistic Models, with Matlab code; Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 139, 3-15.  Special Issue on "Metaheuristics, Combinatorial Optimization and Design of Experiments".

2008

  1. Holger Dette, Douglas P. Wiens; 2008; Robust Designs for Series Estimation; Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 52, 4305-4324.
  2. Douglas P. Wiens, Xiaojian Xu; 2008; Robust Prediction and Extrapolation Designs for Misspecified Generalized Linear Regression Models; Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 138, 30-46.  Special Issue on "International Conference on Design of Experiments", U. Memphis, 2005.
  3. Douglas P. Wiens, Julie Zhou; 2008; Robust Estimators and Designs for Field Experiments; Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 138, 93-104.  Special Issue on "International Conference on Design of Experiments", U. Memphis, 2005.
  4. Douglas P. Wiens, Xiaojian Xu; 2008; Robust Designs for One-Point Extrapolation; Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 138, 1319 - 1357.
  5. J. López-Fidalgo, R. Martín-Martín, Douglas P. Wiens; 2008; Marginally Restricted Sequential D-Optimal Designs; The Canadian Journal of Statistics, 36, 397 - 410.

2006

  1. Adeniyi J. Adewale, Douglas P. Wiens; 2006; New Criteria for Robust Integer-Valued Designs in Linear Models, with Matlab code; Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 51, 723-736.
  2. Zhide Fang, Douglas P. Wiens, Zheyang Wu; 2006; Locally D-Optimal Designs for Multi-Stage Models and Heteroscedastic Polynomial Regression Models; Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 136, 4059-4070.
  3. Yongge Tian, Douglas P. Wiens; 2006; On Equality and Proportionality of Ordinary Least Squares, Weighted Least Squares, and Best Linear Unbiased Estimators in the General Linear Model; Statistics and Probability Letters, 76, 1265-1272.
  4. Douglas P. Wiens, Norman C. Beaulieu, Pavel Loskot; 2006; On the Exact Distribution of the Sum of the Largest n-k out of n Normal Random Variables with Differing Mean Values, with software and addendum; Statistics, 40, 165-173.

2005

  1. Douglas P. Wiens; 2005; Robustness in Spatial Studies I: Minimax Prediction; Environmetrics, 16, 191-203.
  2. Douglas P. Wiens; 2005; Robustness in Spatial Studies II: Minimax Design; Environmetrics, 16, 205-217.
  3. Douglas P. Wiens; 2005; Robust Allocation Schemes for Clinical Trials With Prognostic Factors; Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 127, 323-340.

2004

  1. Zhide Fang, Douglas P. Wiens; 2004; Bayesian Minimally Supported D-Optimal Designs for an Exponential Regression Model; Communications in Statistics, Theory and Methods, 33, 1187-1204.
  2. Douglas P. Wiens; 2004; Match - A Software Package for Robust Profile Matching Using S-Plus; Journal of Statistical Software, Special Volume on Robustness, 10, 1-35.

2003

  1. Zhide Fang, Douglas P. Wiens; 2003; Robust Regression Designs for Approximate Polynomial Models; Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 117, 305 - 321. Accompanying software.
  2. Alwell J. Oyet, Douglas P. Wiens; 2003; On Exact Minimax Wavelet Designs Obtained by Simulated Annealing; Statistics and Probability Letters, 61, 111-121.
  3. Sanjoy K. Sinha, Douglas P. Wiens; 2003; Asymptotics for Robust Sequential Designs in Misspecified Regression Models; Mathematical Statistics and Applications: Festschrift for Constance van Eeden, IMS Lecture Notes - Monograph Series, Eds. M. Moore, C. Léger and S. Froda, 233-248.
  4. Douglas P. Wiens, Julian Cheng, Norman C. Beaulieu; 2003; A Class of Method of Moments Estimators for the Two-Parameter Gamma Family; Pakistan Journal of Statistics, 19, 129-141.

2002

  1. Sanjoy Sinha, Douglas P. Wiens; 2002; Robust Sequential Designs for Nonlinear Regression; The Canadian Journal of Statistics, 30, 601-618.
  2. Sanjoy Sinha, Douglas P. Wiens; 2002; Minimax Weights for Generalised M-Estimation in Biased Regression Models; The Canadian Journal of Statistics, 30, 401-414.

2001

  1. Giseon Heo, Byron Schmuland, Douglas P. Wiens; 2001; Restricted Minimax Robust Designs for Misspecified Regression Models; The Canadian Journal of Statistics, 29, 117-128. With addendum.
  2. D. Wiens, L.Z. Florence, M. Hiltz; 2001; Robust Estimation of Air-Borne Particulate Matter; Environmetrics, 12, 25-40. Accompanying manual and S-Plus code.

2000

  1. Alwell J. Oyet, Douglas P. Wiens; 2000; Robust Designs for Wavelet Approximations of Regression Models; Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, 12, 837-859.
  2. Zhide Fang, Douglas P. Wiens; 2000; Integer-Valued, Minimax Robust Designs for Estimation and Extrapolation in Heteroscedastic, Approximately Linear Models; Journal of the American Statistical Association, 95, 807-818.
  3. Douglas P. Wiens; 2000; Robust Weights and Designs for Biased Regression Models: Least Squares and Generalized M-estimation; Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 83, 395-412.
  4. Zhiyi Du, Douglas P. Wiens; 2000; Jackknifing, Weighting, Diagnostics and Variance Estimation in Generalized M-Estimation; Statistics and Probability Letters, 46, 287-299.

1999

  1. Zhide Fang, Douglas P. Wiens; 1999; Robust Extrapolation Designs and Weights for Biased Regression Models With Heteroscedastic Errors; The Canadian Journal of Statistics, 27, 751-770.
  2. Douglas P. Wiens, Julie Zhou; 1999; Minimax Designs for Approximately Linear Models With AR(1) Errors; The Canadian Journal of Statistics, 27, 781-794.

1998

  1. Douglas P. Wiens; 1998; Minimax Robust Designs and Weights for Approximately Specified Regression Models With Heteroscedastic Errors; Journal of the American Statistical Association, 93, 1440-1450.
  2. Douglas P. Wiens, Eden K.H. Wu, Julie Zhou; 1998; On the Trimmed Mean and Minimax Variance L-estimation in Kolmogorov Neighbourhoods; The Canadian Journal of Statistics, 26, 231-238.

1997

  1. Shawn X. Liu, Douglas P. Wiens; 1997; Robust Designs for Approximately Polynomial Regression; Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 64, 369-381. With addendum.
  2. Douglas P. Wiens, Julie Zhou; 1997; Robust Designs Based on the Infinitesimal Approach; Journal of the American Statistical Association, 92, 1503-1511.

1996

  1. Douglas P. Wiens; 1996; Asymptotics of Generalized M-estimation of Regression and Scale With Fixed Carriers, in an Approximately Linear Model; Statistics and Probability Letters, 30, 271-285.
  2. Douglas Wiens, Julie Zhou; 1996; Minimax Regression Designs for Approximately Linear Models With Autocorrelated Errors; Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 55, 95-106.
  3. Mike Bokalo, Stephen J. Titus, Douglas P. Wiens; 1996; Sampling With Partial Replacement Extended to Include Growth Projections; Forest Science, 42, 328-334.
  4. Douglas P. Wiens; 1996; Robust, Sequential Designs for Approximately Linear Models; The Canadian Journal of Statistics, 24, 67-79.

1994

  1. Douglas Wiens, Julie Zhou; 1994; Bounded Influence Rank Estimation in the Linear Model; The Canadian Journal of Statistics; 22, 233-246.
  2. C.A. Field, Douglas P. Wiens; 1994; One-step M-estimators in the Linear Model, With Dependent Errors; The Canadian Journal of Statistics; 22, 219-232. With addendum.
  3. Douglas P. Wiens; 1994; Robust Designs for Approximately Linear Regression: M-estimated Parameters; Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference; 40, 135-160.

1993

  1. Douglas P. Wiens; 1993; Designs for Approximately Linear Regression: Maximizing the Minimum Coverage Probability of Confidence Ellipsoids; The Canadian Journal of Statistics; 21, 59-70.

1992

  1. Douglas P. Wiens; 1992; On Moments of Quadratic Forms in Non-Spherically Distributed Variables; Statistics; 23, 265-270.
  2. Shongming Huang, Stephen J. Titus, Douglas P. Wiens; 1992; Comparisons of Nonlinear Height-Diameter Functions for Major Alberta Species; Canadian Journal of Forest Research; 22, 1297-1304.
  3. Yu Wang, Douglas Wiens; 1992; Optimal, Robust R-estimators and Test Statistics in the Linear Model; Statistics and Probability Letters; 14, 179-188.
  4. Douglas P. Wiens; 1992; Minimax Designs for Approximately Linear Regression; Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference; 31, 353-371.
  5. Douglas P. Wiens; 1992; A Note on the Computation of Robust, Bounded Influence Estimates and Test Statistics in Regression; Computational Statistics & Data Analysis; 13, 211-220.

1991

  1. Douglas P. Wiens; 1991; Designs for Approximately Linear Regression:Two Optimality Properties of Uniform Designs; Statistics and Probability Letters; 12, 217-221.
  2. Douglas P. Wiens, K.H. Eden Wu; 1991; Distributions Minimizing Fisher Information for Scale in Kolmogorov Neighbourhoods; The Canadian Journal of Statistics; 19, 179-190.
  3. John W. Haines, Keith R. Thompson, Doug P. Wiens; 1991; The Detection of Coastal-Trapped Waves; Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 2593-2597.

1990

  1. Douglas P. Wiens, K.H. Eden Wu; 1990; Asymptotic Minimax Properties of M-estimators of Scale; Statistics and Probability Letters; 10, 363-368.
  2. M. Hlynka, J.N. Sheahan, D.P. Wiens; 1990; On the Choice of Support of Re-Descending Psi-Functions in Linear Models With Asymmetric Error Distributions; With addendum. Metrika; 37, 365-381.
  3. Douglas P. Wiens; 1990; Robust, Minimax Designs for Multiple Linear Regression; Linear Algebra and Its Applications, Second Special Issue on Linear Algebra and Statistics; 127, 327 - 340.
  4. Douglas P. Wiens; 1990; Minimax Variance L- and R- Estimators of Location; The Canadian Journal of Statistics; 18, 47 - 57.
    Awarded the 1990 CJS Award.

1989

  1. Douglas P. Wiens; 1989; On the Busy Period Distribution of the M/G/2 Queueing System; Journal of Applied Probability; 26, 858 - 865.
  2. John Collins, Douglas Wiens; 1989; Minimax Properties of M-, R-, and L- estimators of Location in Lévy Neighbourhoods; The Annals of Statistics; 17, 327-336.

1988

  1. Douglas Wiens; 1988; The Non-Null Distribution of the Beta Statistic in the Test of the Univariate General Linear Hypothesis, When the Error Distribution is Spherically Symmetric; Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference; 19, 245-252.

1987

  1. Douglas P. Wiens; 1987; Robust Weighted Cramér-von Mises Estimators of Location, with Minimax Variance in epsilon-contamination Neighbourhoods; The Canadian Journal of Statistics; 15, 269-278.
  2. Subhash C. Kochar, Douglas P. Wiens; 1987; Partial Orderings of Life Distributions With Respect to Their Aging Properties; Naval Research Logistics; 34, 823-829.
  3. David Hamilton, Douglas Wiens; 1987; Correction Factors for F-ratios in Nonlinear Regression; Biometrika; 74, 423-425 and technical report.

1986

  1. Doug Wiens; 1986; Minimax Variance M-estimators of Location in Kolmogorov Neighbourhoods; The Annals of Statistics; 14, 724-732.
  2. D. P. Wiens, Z. Zheng; 1986; Robust M-estimators of Multivariate Location and Scatter in the Presence of Asymmetry; The Canadian Journal of Statistics; 14, 161-176.

1985

  1. John R. Collins, Douglas P. Wiens; 1985; Minimax Variance M-estimators in epsilon-contamination Models; The Annals of Statistics; 13, 1078-1096.
  2. Doug Wiens; 1985; Asymptotic Distribution of Some Multivariate ``Success Run'' Renewal Processes, Applied to a 2-I.I.D. Unit Repairable System; Naval Research and Logistics Quarterly; 32, 589-593.
  3. Douglas P. Wiens; 1985; On Some Pattern Reduction Matrices Which Appear in Statistics; Linear Algebra and its Applications, Special Issue on Linear Algebra and Statistics; 67, 233-258.
  4. Doug Wiens; 1985; Ellipsoidal Confidence Regions for a Normal Covariance Matrix; Communications in Statistics A; 14, 1405-1411.
  5. R. Dawson, G. Gabor, R. Nowakowski, D. Wiens; 1985; Random Fibonacci-type Sequences; Fibonacci Quarterly; 23, 169-176.

1983

  1. D.P. Wiens; 1983; Some Distributions for a 2-Identical Unit System; Math. Operationforsch. U. Statist., Ser. Optimization; 14, 607-616.

1981

  1. Doug Wiens; 1981; Analysis of a Hot-Standby System With 2 Identical Dependent Units and a General Erlang Failure Time Distribution; IEEE Transactions on Reliability; R30, p. 386 and Supplement.

1976

  1. J.P. Jones, D. Sato, H. Wada, D. Wiens; 1976; Diophantine Representation of the Set of Prime Numbers; American Mathematical Monthly; 83, 449-464. Awarded the 1977 MAA Lester R. Ford Award.

Book Chapters

  1. Douglas P. Wiens; 2000; Bias Constrained Minimax Robust Designs for Misspecified Regression Models; Selected Proceedings of the Third St. Petersburg Workshop on Simulation; 117-133, Birkhauser, Boston.

 

Conference Proceedings   

  1. Douglas P. Wiens; 2009; Asymptotic Properties of a Neyman-Pearson Test for Model Discrimination, with an Application to Experimental Design;  Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Interdisciplinary Statistics and Combinatorics, U. of North Carolina at Greensboro, October 12 - 14, 2007; Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice, 3, 419-427.
  2. Oleg Michailovich, Douglas Wiens; 2007;  On Separation of Signal Sources using Kernel Estimates of Probability Densities; 7th International Conference on Independent Component Analysis and Signal Separation; London, UK, September 9-12, 2007.  In Independent Component Analysis and Signal Separation: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, pp. 81-88.
  3. Julian Cheng, Douglas P. Wiens, Norman C. Beaulieu; 2003; An Asymptotic Study of Generalized Moment Estimators of the Nakagami Fading Parameters; The 2003 Canadian Workshop on Information Theory; Waterloo, Ontario, pp. 63-66, May 18-21, 2003.
  4. Douglas P. Wiens; 2001; Robust Designs for Approximate Regression Models With Correlated Errors; 2002 Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, [CD-ROM], Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association.
  5. Douglas P. Wiens; 1998; Minimum Variance Unbiased Weights and Designs for Biased Regression Models; Proceedings of the Third St. Petersburg Workshop on Simulation; eds. S.M. Ermakov, Y.N. Kashtanov, V.B. Melas, St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Press, pp. 220-224.

Book Reviews

  1. D. P. Wiens; 2001; Review of "Fundamentals of Modern Statistical Methods: Substantially Improving Power and Accuracy", by R.R. Wilcox; Biometrics; 57, 1275-1276.

In progress/Submitted to refereed journals

  1. A. H. Welsh, Douglas P. Wiens; 2011; Robust Model-based Sampling Designs, with Matlab and R code.
  2. John C. Lind, Douglas P. Wiens, Victor J. Yohai; 2011; Robust Minimum Information Loss Estimation, with Matlab and R code.
  3. Jamil Hasan Karami, Douglas P. Wiens; 2011; Robust Static Designs for Approximately Specified Nonlinear Regression Models, with R code.
  4. Douglas P. Wiens; 2012; Robustness of Design, a chapter of an upcoming Handbook of Design and Analysis of Experiments.
  5. Douglas P. Wiens; 2012; Optimal Designs for Non-Linear Models: Introduction and Historical Overview, a chapter of an upcoming Handbook of Design and Analysis of Experiments.

 

Miscellany

  1. Doug Wiens; March 6 2010; National Post: Sage pronouncements that only a statistician could make.
  2. Douglas P. Wiens; 2010; Notes from the Seminar Series in Robustness.
  3. Douglas P. Wiens; 2004; Editorial, The Canadian Journal of Statistics; 32, 1-2 and Editor's Reports for 2005, 2006, 2007.
  4. Doug Wiens; 2006; CJS: Coming Attractions, Liaison; 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4.
  5. Doug Wiens; 2005; CJS: Coming Attractions, Liaison; 19.1, 19.2, 19.4.
  6. Doug Wiens; 2004; CJS: Coming Attractions, Liaison; 18.2, 18.3, 18.4.
  7. Y. Tian, D. P. Wiens; 2004; The Equalities of Ordinary Least Squares Estimators and Best Linear Unbiased Estimators for the Restricted Linear Model, University of Alberta Statistics Centre Technical Report Series; #04.05.
  8. Douglas P. Wiens; 2003; Optimal Robust Methods for Prediction and Design in Spatial Studies, University of Alberta Statistics Centre Technical Report Series; #03.03.
  9. D. P. Wiens; 2003; Program, 2003 Annual SSC Meeting.
  10. D. P. Wiens; 2002; Letter to the Editor, IMS Bulletin; 31, 9.
  11. Douglas P. Wiens; 2000; Designs for Clinical Trials, University of Alberta Statistics Centre Technical Report Series; #00.06.
  12. Douglas P. Wiens et al.  Numerous technical reports.

Class Lecture Notes

  1. Douglas P. Wiens; 2009 - present; STAT 312, Mathematical Methods in Statistics.
  2. Douglas P. Wiens; 2005 - present; STAT 368/501, Introduction to Design and Analysis of Experiments.
  3. Douglas P. Wiens; 2002 - present; STAT 479/503, Time Series Analysis  I.  
  4. Douglas P. Wiens; 2002 - present; STAT 512, Techniques of Mathematics for Statistics.
  5. Douglas P. Wiens; 2007 - present; STAT 578, Regression Analysis with Appendix.
  6. Douglas P. Wiens; 2002 - present; STAT 665, Asymptotic Methods in Statistical Inference.
  7. Douglas P. Wiens; 2009 - present; STAT 679, Time Series Analysis II.

Graduate theses

  1. D. P. Wiens; 1982; Ph.D. (Statistics); Robust Estimation of Multivariate Location and Scale in the Presence of Asymmetry.
  2. D. P. Wiens; 1979; M.Sc. (Statistics); Distributions for a Two-Unit Repairable System.
  3. D. P. Wiens; 1976; M.Sc. (Mathematical Logic); Diophantine Characterizations of the Perfect Numbers.

Graduate theses and projects supervised

  1. Jamil Karami; 2011; M.Sc. thesis; Designs for Nonlinear Regression With a Prior on the Parameters.
  2. Kate Yaraee; 2011; M.Sc. thesis; Functional Data Analysis With Application to MS and Cervical Vertebrae Data.
  3. Xiao Guo; 2011; M.Sc. project; Longitudinal Data Analysis in Social Science Data.
  4. Ya Meng; 2011; M.Sc.thesis; An Application of Gene Set Analysis for a Comparison of Two Groups.
  5. M. Wang; 2006; M.Sc. project; A Comparative Study of Robust Regression Designs.
  6. A. Adewale; 2006; Ph.D. thesis; Robust Integer-Valued Designs for Generalized Linear Models.
  7. X. Xu; 2006; Ph.D. thesis; Robust Prediction and Extrapolation Designs, with Applications to Accelerated Life Testing.
  8. D. Metes; 2005; Summer NSERC student report; Visual, Unit Root and Stationarity Tests and Their Power and Accuracy.
  9. F. Ackah; 2004; M.Sc. project; Robust Assignment Probabilities for Clinical Trials.
  10. J. Baser; 2003; M.Sc. project; A Kalman Filter Analysis of Particulate Matter Using an AR(1) Model.
  11. A. Adewale; 2002; M.Sc. thesis; Robust Designs for Approximate Regression Models with Two Interacting Regressors.
  12. S. Hossain; 2002; M.Sc. project; Implementation of Robust Designs for Straight Line Regression.
  13. X. Wu; 2000; M.Sc. project; A Comparative Study of Various Allocation Schemes in a Clinical Trial.
  14. Z. Fang; 1999; Ph.D. thesis; Robust Extrapolation Designs for Linear Models.
  15. Q. Wang; 1999; M.Sc. thesis; Approximations to the Distributions of Some Robust Test Statistics.
  16. G. Heo; 1998; Ph.D. thesis; Optimal Designs for Approximately Polynomial Regression Models.
  17. J. O'Connor; 1998; M.Sc. project; An Analysis of Hearing Loss in Goldminers.
  18. A. Oyet; 1997; Ph.D. thesis; Robust Designs for Wavelet Approximations of Nonlinear Models.
  19. J. Zhou; 1995; Ph.D. thesis; Robust Experimental Designs for Linear Models.
  20. Z. Du; 1995; M.Sc. thesis; Jackknife Methods in Robust Regression.
  21. J. Zhou; 1992; M.Sc. thesis; Bounded Influence R-estimators in the Linear Model.
  22. T. Feng; 1992; M.Sc. project; An Analysis of Geographical Data.
  23. T. Leung; 1992; M.Sc. project; Using Measurement Error Models to Study the Shelter Effect.
  24. H. Van Nguyen; 1992; M.Sc. project; Application of Some Multivariate Techniques in Analysing Biological Data.
  25. Y. Wang; 1992; M.Sc. thesis; Optimal Robust Rank-Based Estimators in the Linear Model.
  26. E. Wu; 1990; Ph.D. thesis; Asymptotic Minimax Properties of M-estimators of Scale.

Recreational Statistics/Probability/Mathematics problems solved

  1. 2003, Problem 02.3.2: Badly Weighted Least Squares; Econometric Theory; 19, 701-703.
  2. 2003, Problem 02.1.2: A Particular Symmetric Idempotent Matrix; Econometric Theory; 19, 227-228.
  3. 2000, Problem 17: Chance of Having a Saddlepoint; Chance; 13, 54-55.
  4. 1992, Problem E3386: The Longest Expected World Series; American Mathematical Monthly; 99, 272-274.
  5. 1988, Problem 6524: An Alternating Sum of Products of Beta Random Variables; American Mathematical Monthly; 95, 562-564.
  6. 1988, Problem 6522: Persistence of a Distribution Function; American Mathematical Monthly; 95, 360-362 .
  7. 1985, Problem 266: Numbers Which Equal Their Logarithms; The College Mathematics Journal; 16, 311.